大家在学英语时,是不是常常为 that 和 which 的用法区别而头疼?别担心,掌握了下面这些要点,你就能轻松区分它们啦。
1. 指代先行词
当先行词是人时,一般用 that 或 who/whom 引导定语从句,不用 which。比如“He is the man that/who helped me yesterday”,这里就不能用 which。而当先行词是物时,that 和 which 都能用,像“This is the book that/which I bought last week” 。
当先行词是代词时,通常也是用 that 或 who/whom,不用 which。例如“All that is needed is a supply of oil”,这里只能用 that 引导从句。
2. 从句类型
that 通常引导限制性定语从句,对先行词有明确限定作用,去掉从句会使句子意义不完整。例如“This is the pen that I lost”,如果去掉“that I lost”,句子的意思就不明确了。
which 既可以引导限制性定语从句,也能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中,它提供额外信息,不是必要的。比如“This is my house, which I bought last year”,这里用逗号隔开,“which I bought last year” 只是补充说明。
3. 位置与强调
which 可以放在冠词之前,也能在先行词之后用于强调。例如“Which book is yours?” 这里 which 作疑问代词。在定语从句里,如“The book, which is very interesting, was written by him”,能起到强调作用。
而 that 一般在从句中位置比较固定,按正常语序引导从句,像前面提到的 “This is the pen that I lost” 。
4. 文风使用
which 更常用于非正式文风,还能当作疑问代词,相当于 who、what、where 等。比如日常对话中 “Which one do you like?”
that 在正式和非正式场合都常用,尤其在学术写作、正式报告中很常见。像学术论文里 “The theory that he proposed is very important” 。
5. 固定搭配
that 常出现在一些固定搭配中,比如 “the fact that”,“We all know the fact that he is a good student” ;还有 “in order that”,“He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus” 。
which 较少用于固定搭配,不过有 “in which” 这样的用法,如 “This is the room in which he lives” 。
6. 介词使用
在定语从句中,如果关系代词后面紧跟介词,通常用 which,不用 that。例如 “This is the house in which I lived” ,这里不能用 that 。因为 “that” 不能直接跟在介词后,而 “which” 可以。
总结:总之,that 和 which 在定语从句中的选择主要看先行词种类、从句限制性以及介词使用情况。掌握好这些要点,你就能准确运用它们啦。大家都学会了吗?学会的话记得点赞分享,也可以在评论区说说自己对 that 和 which 用法的疑问哦。